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THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE IS UNTENABLE

By re-analysing Heisenberg's Gamma-Ray Microscope experiment and the ideal experiment from w
hich the uncertainty principle is derived, it is actually found that the uncertainty princip
le can not be obtained from them. It is therefore found to be untenable. 

Key words: 
uncertainty principle; Heisenberg's Gamma-Ray Microscope Experiment; ideal experiment 

Ideal Experiment 1

                 Heisenberg's Gamma-Ray Microscope Experiment


A free electron sits directly beneath the center of the microscope's lens (please see AIP pa
ge http://www.aip.org/history/heisenberg/p08b.htm or diagram below) . The circular lens form
s a cone of angle 2A from the electron. The electron is then illuminated from the left by ga
mma rays--high energy light which has the shortest wavelength. These yield the highest resol
ution, for according to a principle of wave optics, the microscope can resolve (that is, "se
e" or distinguish) objects to a size of dx, which is related to and to the wavelength L of t
he gamma ray, by the expression: 

dx = L/(2sinA) (1) 

However, in quantum mechanics, where a light wave can act like a particle, a gamma ray strik
ing an electron gives it a kick. At the moment the light is diffracted by the electron into 
the microscope lens, the electron is thrust to the right. To be observed by the microscope, 
the gamma ray must be scattered into any angle within the cone of angle 2A. In quantum mecha
nics, the gamma ray carries momentum as if it were a particle. The total momentum p is relat
ed to the wavelength by the formula, 

p = h / L, where h is Planck's constant. (2) 

In the extreme case of diffraction of the gamma ray to the right edge of the lens, the total
 momentum would be the sum of the electron's momentum P'x in the x direction and the gamma r
ay's momentum in the x direction: 

P' x + (h sinA) / L', where L' is the wavelength of the deflected gamma ray. 

In the other extreme, the observed gamma ray recoils backward, just hitting the left edge of
 the lens. In this case, the total momentum in the x direction is: 

P''x - (h sinA) / L''. 

The final x momentum in each case must equal the initial x momentum, since momentum is conse
rved. Therefore, the final x momenta are equal to each other: 

P'x + (h sinA) / L' = P''x - (h sinA) / L'' (3) 

If A is small, then the wavelengths are approximately the same, 

L' ~ L" ~ L. So we have 

P''x - P'x = dPx ~ 2h sinA / L (4) 

Since dx = L/(2 sinA), we obtain a reciprocal relationship between the minimum uncertainty i
n the measured position, dx, of the electron along the x axis and the uncertainty in its mom
entum, dPx, in the x direction: 

dPx ~ h / dx or dPx dx ~ h. (5) 

For more than minimum uncertainty, the "greater than" sign may added. 

Except for the factor of 4pi and an equal sign, this is Heisenberg's uncertainty relation fo
r the simultaneous measurement of the position and momentum of an object. 

Re-analysis

To be seen by the microscope, the gamma ray must be scattered into any angle within the cone
 of angle 2A. 

The microscope can resolve (that is, "see" or distinguish) objects to a size of dx, which is
 related to and to the wavelength L of the gamma ray, by the expression: 

dx = L/(2sinA) (1) 

This is the resolving limit of the microscope and it is the uncertain quantity of the object
's position. 

The microscope can not see the object whose size is smaller than its resolving limit, dx. Th
erefore, to be seen by the microscope, the size of the electron must be larger than or equal
 to the resolving limit. 

But if the size of the electron is larger than or equal to the resolving limit dx, the elect
ron will not be in the range dx. Therefore, dx can not be deemed to be the uncertain quantit
y of the electron's position which can be seen by the microscope, but deemed to be the uncer
tain quantity of the electron's position which can not be seen by the microscope. To repeat,
 dx is uncertainty in the electron's position which can not be seen by the microscope. 

To be seen by the microscope, the gamma ray must be scattered into any angle within the cone
 of angle 2A, so we can measure the momentum of the electron. 

dPx is the uncertainty in the electron's momentum which can be seen by microscope. 

What relates to dx is the electron where the size is smaller than the resolving limit. When 
the electron is in the range dx, it can not be seen by the microscope, so its position is un
certain. 

What relates to dPx is the electron where the size is larger than or equal to the resolving 
limit .The electron is not in the range dx, so it can be seen by the microscope and its posi
tion is certain. 

Therefore, the electron which relates to dx and dPx respectively is not the same. What we ca
n see is the electron where the size is larger than or equal to the resolving limit dx and h
as a certain position, dx = 0. 

Quantum mechanics does not rely on the size of the object, but on Heisenberg's Gamma-Ray Mic
roscope experiment. The use of the microscope must relate to the size of the object. The siz
e of the object which can be seen by the microscope must be larger than or equal to the reso
lving limit dx of the microscope, thus the uncertain quantity of the electron's position doe
s not exist. The gamma ray which is diffracted by the electron can be scattered into any ang
le within the cone of angle 2A, where we can measure the momentum of the electron. 

What we can see is the electron which has a certain position, dx = 0, so that in no other po
sition can we measure the momentum of the electron. In Quantum mechanics, the momentum of th
e electron can be measured accurately when we measure the momentum of the electron only, the
refore, we have gained dPx = 0. 

And, 

dPx dx =0. (6) 

Every physical principle is based on an Ideal Experiment, not based on MATHEMATICS, includin
g heisenberg uncertainty principle.

For example, the Law of Conservation of Momentum is based on the collision of two stretch ba
ll in the vacuum; the Principle of equivalence(general relativity) is besed on the Einstein'
s laboratory in the lift.

Einstein said, One Experiment is enough to negate a physical principle.

Heisenberg's Gamma-Ray Microscope experiment has negated the uncertainty principle.

 

Ideal experiment 2

Single Slit Diffraction Experiment


Suppose a particle moves in the Y direction originally and then passes a slit with width dx(
Please see diagram below) . The uncertain quantity of the particle's position in the X direc
tion is dx, and interference occurs at the back slit . According to Wave Optics , the angle 
where No.1 min of interference pattern is can be calculated by following formula: 

sinA=L/2dx (1) 

and L=h/p where h is Planck's constant. (2) 

So the uncertainty principle can be obtained 

dPx dx ~ h (5) 

Re-analysis

According to Newton first law , if an external force in the X direction does not affect the 
particle, it will move in a uniform straight line, ( Motion State or Static State) , and the
 motion in the Y direction is unchanged .Therefore , we can learn its position in the slit f
rom its starting point. 

The particle can have a certain position in the slit and the uncertain quantity of the posit
ion is dx =0. According to Newton first law , if the external force at the X direction does 
not affect particle, and the original motion in the Y direction is not changed , the momentu
m of the particle int the X direction will be Px=0 and the uncertain quantity of the momentu
m will be dPx =0. 

This gives: 

dPx dx =0. (6) 

No experiment negates NEWTON FIRST LAW. Whether in quantum mechanics or classical mechanics,
 it applies to the microcosmic world and is of the form of the Energy-Momentum conservation 
laws. If an external force does not affect the particle and it does not remain static or in 
uniform motion, it has disobeyed the Energy-Momentum conservation laws. Under the above idea
l experiment , it is considered that the width of the slit is the uncertain quantity of the 
particle's position. But there is certainly no reason for us to consider that the particle i
n the above experiment has an uncertain position, and no reason for us to consider that the 
slit's width is the uncertain quantity of the particle. Therefore, the uncertainty principle
, 

dPx dx ~ h (5) 

which is derived from the above experiment is unreasonable. 

Conclusion


> From the above re-analysis , it is realized that the ideal experiment demonstration for the
 uncertainty principle is untenable. Therefore, the uncertainty principle is untenable. 

 
Reference:
http://www.aip.org/history/heisenberg/p08b.htm 


Author : BingXin Gong
Postal address : P.O.Box A111 YongFa XiaoQu XinHua HuaDu
               GuangZhou 510800 P.R.China

E-mail: hdgbyi@[...].cn
Tel: 86---20---86856616 



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