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The pprint module provides a capability to ``pretty-print''
arbitrary Python data structures in a form which can be used as input
to the interpreter. If the formatted structures include objects which
are not fundamental Python types, the representation may not be
loadable. This may be the case if objects such as files, sockets,
classes, or instances are included, as well as many other builtin
objects which are not representable as Python constants.
The formatted representation keeps objects on a single line if it can,
and breaks them onto multiple lines if they don't fit within the
allowed width. Construct PrettyPrinter objects explicitly if
you need to adjust the width constraint.
The pprint module defines one class:
| class PrettyPrinter( |
...) |
-
Construct a PrettyPrinter instance. This constructor
understands several keyword parameters. An output stream may be set
using the stream keyword; the only method used on the stream
object is the file protocol's write() method. If not
specified, the PrettyPrinter adopts
sys.stdout. Three
additional parameters may be used to control the formatted
representation. The keywords are indent, depth, and
width. The amount of indentation added for each recursive level
is specified by indent; the default is one. Other values can
cause output to look a little odd, but can make nesting easier to
spot. The number of levels which may be printed is controlled by
depth; if the data structure being printed is too deep, the next
contained level is replaced by "...". By default, there is no
constraint on the depth of the objects being formatted. The desired
output width is constrained using the width parameter; the
default is eighty characters. If a structure cannot be formatted
within the constrained width, a best effort will be made.
>>> import pprint, sys
>>> stuff = sys.path[:]
>>> stuff.insert(0, stuff[:])
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)
>>> pp.pprint(stuff)
[ [ '',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/test',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/sunos5',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/sharedmodules',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/tkinter'],
'',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/test',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/sunos5',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/sharedmodules',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/tkinter']
>>>
>>> import parser
>>> tup = parser.ast2tuple(
... parser.suite(open('pprint.py').read()))[1][1][1]
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(depth=6)
>>> pp.pprint(tup)
(266, (267, (307, (287, (288, (...))))))
The PrettyPrinter class supports several derivative functions:
| pformat( |
object[, indent[,
width[, depth]]]) |
-
Return the formatted representation of object as a string. indent,
width and depth will be passed to the PrettyPrinter
constructor as formatting parameters.
Changed in version 2.4:
The parameters indent, width and depth
were added.
| pprint( |
object[, stream[,
indent[, width[, depth]]]]) |
-
Prints the formatted representation of object on stream,
followed by a newline. If stream is omitted,
sys.stdout
is used. This may be used in the interactive interpreter instead of a
print statement for inspecting values. indent,
width and depth will be passed to the PrettyPrinter
constructor as formatting parameters.
>>> stuff = sys.path[:]
>>> stuff.insert(0, stuff)
>>> pprint.pprint(stuff)
[<Recursion on list with id=869440>,
'',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/test',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/sunos5',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/sharedmodules',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/tkinter']
-
Determine if the formatted representation of object is
``readable,'' or can be used to reconstruct the value using
eval(). This always returns false for
recursive objects.
>>> pprint.isreadable(stuff)
False
-
Determine if object requires a recursive representation.
One more support function is also defined:
-
Return a string representation of object, protected against
recursive data structures. If the representation of object
exposes a recursive entry, the recursive reference will be represented
as "<Recursion on typename with id=number>". The
representation is not otherwise formatted.
>>> pprint.saferepr(stuff)
"[<Recursion on list with id=682968>, '', '/usr/local/lib/python1.5', '/usr/loca
l/lib/python1.5/test', '/usr/local/lib/python1.5/sunos5', '/usr/local/lib/python
1.5/sharedmodules', '/usr/local/lib/python1.5/tkinter']"
Release 2.4.5, documentation updated on 18 October 2006.
See About this document... for information on suggesting changes.
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